Res-judicata and Issue estoppel
Sec.11 of the Code of Civil procedure contains comprehensive principles relating to finality of litigation and it lays down the principles of res-judicata which rests on the famous legal maxims, interest republicae ut sit finis litium (means that it is in the interest of the State that there be a limit to litigation) and nemo debet bis vexari pro una et eadem causa (means that no one should be vexed twice on the same cause of action). In law, there are differences between res-judicata and issue estoppel. The principle of issue estoppel would arise in subsequent litigation when 'fact in issue' is decided in previous litigation.- Moideenkutty v. Maniparambil Vishwanadhan Nair 2022 (6) KLT 413
